(2010•Zhanjiang cov lus nug nkag hauv tsev kawm qib siab) Cov khoom noj muaj feem cuam tshuam tom qab nqus dej thiab nqus pa. Txhawm rau txuas ntxiv lub neej txee ntawm cov khoom noj, ib pob ntawv me me ntawm cov desiccant feem ntau yog ntxiv rau lub pob. Ib pawg neeg nyiam tshuaj lom neeg tau tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv thiab pom tias muaj ob lub ntsiab zaub mov desiccants. Hom: ib qho desiccant nrog txiv qaub raws li cov khoom tseem ceeb (hu ua Class A, tib yam hauv qab no); lwm yam yog desiccant nrog silica gel raws li lub ntsiab tivthaiv (hu ua Class B, tib yam hauv qab no). Thov teb cov lus nug nram no:
(1) Lub hnab ntawv me uas muaj cov desiccant ntawm chav kawm A yog qhib thiab raug rau cov huab cua ntub, thiab lub hnab ntawv yog cua sov. Cov tshuaj sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog CaO + H2O=Ca(OH)2. (Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm calcium oxide thiab dej tuaj yeem tsim tau. Calcium hydroxide, yog li sau: CaO + H2O=Ca(OH)2.)
(2) Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm silica gel hauv chav kawm B desiccant yog (SiO2•nH2O) SiO2 yog (oxide), (2) silica yog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm silicon thiab oxygen, uas belongs rau oxide. Yam khoom.
(3) Hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj xyuas, pab pawg kuj tau tshawb pom ib yam tshiab ntawm cov khoom noj desiccant: foamed hlau hmoov (hlau hmoov qhwv hauv npaus). Thaum nws raug rau cov huab cua noo, nws hloov mus rau hauv xeb sai sai (feem ntau Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog Fe2O3•nH2O), thiab muaj qhov tshwm sim ua npaws, qhia tias ntxiv rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tshiab, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nrog los ntawm kev hloov cua sov. Piv nrog rau chav kawm A desiccant, cov hmoov hlau foamed tuaj yeem siv los ua oxygen absorber ntxiv rau cov desiccant. (deoxidizer)
2014 National Higher Education Enrollment National Unified Examination (Sichuan Volume)
1. Chemistry yog ze ze rau lub neej. Cov lus hauv qab no tsis raug.
A. Ethylene tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo B. Silica gel tuaj yeem siv los ua cov desiccant rau cov khoom noj khoom haus C. Formalin tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom noj khoom haus D. Aluminium hydroxide tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev rau lub plab acid.
Teb kev tsom xam:
Kev ntsuam xyuas cov lus nug: A, ethylene yog cov tshuaj tswj kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tuaj yeem siv los ua cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripening, A yog qhov tseeb; B, ntxeem tau silica gel, muaj peev xwm nqus dej, tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom noj khoom haus, B raug; C, Fu Yog cov tshuaj aqueous ntawm formaldehyde, formaldehyde yog tshuaj lom, tsis tuaj yeem siv los ua khoom noj khoom haus, C tsis raug; D, aluminium hydroxide yog ib qho amphoteric hydroxide uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov kua qaub, tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj nruab nrab rau gastric acid, D yog qhov tseeb, cov lus teb yog C.
8. Cov lus hauv qab no tsis raug.
A. Cov xim hloov silica gel desiccant muaj CoCl2, thiab thaum lub desiccant xiav, nws txhais tau tias tsis muaj dej nqus thiab ziab ua haujlwm.
B. Nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm nitrobenzene, tus pas ntsuas kub tau muab tso rau hauv dej da dej, tab sis lub pob mercury tsis tuaj yeem sib cuag nrog hauv qab ntawm lub beaker thiab phab ntsa ntawm lub beaker.
C. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev sim neutralization titration, lub ntim ntim thiab lub khob ntim dej tuaj yeem siv tom qab ntxuav nrog dej distilled. Tom qab cov burette thiab pipette tau ntxuav nrog dej distilled, lawv yuav tsum tau qhuav los yog yaug ua ntej siv.
D. Tshem tawm ib qho me me ntawm SO2 sib xyaw hauv cov CO2 qhuav, cov roj sib xyaw tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm lub raj mis ntxuav roj uas muaj cov kua qaub KMnO4 thiab cov tshuaj sulfuric acid.
Lub hnab ntev yog 25CM, dav yog 35CM, lub hnab huab cua permeability yog 8ML / square / hnub, thiab cov khoom cia lub sij hawm yog 1.5 xyoo. Yuav tsum xaiv pes tsawg hom deoxidizers?
Teb:
[ Oxygen cov ntsiab lus hauv lub hnab: ( 25 * 35 * 1 * 0}.21) + lub hnab oxygen permeability: (0.25 * 0.35 * 2 * 8 * 548 * 0.21)] / 3=115 xaiv 100CC
Koj puas paub?
Hauv huab cua qhuav, qhov ntim ntawm oxygen yog li 21%.
